![]() ![]() The system is limited to firing HE fragmentation-type rockets only. The BM-21 can launch rockets directly from the cab or remotely from outside of the truck cab with a 64-meter cable. Manual reloading by the two-man crew takes approximately five minutes. The BM-21 rockets can be either fired singly or in a salvo lasting six seconds. A-215 "Grad-M": 22-round naval version, entered service in 1978. The vehicle together with the ammunition transporter is referred to as complex DP-62 "Damba". Developed for the protection of naval bases against underwater infiltrations, uses special ammunition PRS-60 (Protivodiversionnyi Reaktivnyi Snaryad). BM-21PD "Damba" (Protivodiversionnyi): 40-round launcher mounted on Ural-375D or 43201 truck. The weapon is not often used by the Russian military but is popular with paramilitary and guerrilla forces. The rocket itself is a 122mm fin-stabilized rocket, armed with any of the warheads used on BM-21 rockets. 9K132 "Grad-P": Single-round man-portable launcher, which can be reloaded and used again. Apparently, only a small number was produced. The vehicle together with fire control equipment, the ammunition transporter TZM 9T232M and the new rocket 9M53F is referred to as complex 9K59. 9A51 "Prima": 50-round launcher on a Ural-4320 5t chassis. The launch vehicle has the industrial inex of 9P125. Like the BM-21, the BM-21V has stabilizing jacks on the rear of the vehicle for support when firing. Parts of the vehicle such as the canvas cab roof can be taken off or folded down to reduce its size during transit. ![]() ![]() The vehicle is sturdy enough to be air-dropped. A GAZ-66B four-by-four truck chassis is fitted with a 12-round 122 mm rocket launcher. BM-21V "Grad-V" (Vozdushnodesantiy - 'airborne') (NATO designation M1975): Developed for airborne troops in 1969. He used to be known in the West as BM-21b or M1976. The 9P138 can only use "short-range" rockets with a range of 15 km. The vehicle with supporting equipment (rockets, transporter 9T450 and re-supply truck 9F380) is referred to as complex 9K55. 9P138 "Grad-1": lighter 36-round version, mounted on a six-by-six ZIL-131 chassis. The system is fitted with a satellite navigation system NAP SNS, automated fire control system ASUNO, APP laying system and can fire a new generation of rockets with a range of 40 km. 2B17 or also BM-21-1: This upgrade was presented for the first time in 2003 and was developed by Motovilikha Plants from Perm. BM-21-1: Some systems use the Ural-43201 5t truck chassis with KamAZ-740 diesel engine of 210 hp. BM-21 "Grad": Original 40-round launcher, mounted on a Ural-375D truck. The main role of the BM-21 Grad system is to support the division with suppressive fire to counter anti-tank missile, artillery and mortar positions, destroy strong points and eliminate enemy nodes of resistance on the immediate battlefield. The BM-21 122 mm multiple rocket launcher (MRL) system entered into service with the Soviet Army in 1963 to replace the aging 140 mm BM-14 system. The development of the 122 mm BM-21 Grad divisional-level RSZO took place in the mid-1950s under the guidance of the Splav Scientific Production Concern at Tula. The BM-21 Grad is a Soviet truck-mounted 122-mm multiple rocket launcher, developed in the early 1960s. ![]()
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